Wednesday, March 17, 2010

Raising Godly Children

EVEN PRINCIPLES IN TRAINING GODLY CHILDREN

January 26, 2010 (Fundamental Baptist Information Service, P.O. Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061, 866-295-4143, fbns@wayoflife.org; for instructions about subscribing and unsubscribing or changing addresses, see the information paragraph at the end of the article) -

The following article by Pastor David Sorenson is based on his book TRAINING YOUR CHILDREN TO TURN OUT RIGHT. Churches should order carton loads of copies of this excellent book. It can be ordered from Northstar Ministries, 1820 W. Morgan St., Duluth, MN 55811, 218-726-0209, www.northstarministries.com, dhs.northstar@charter.net.

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORD OF GOD

If there is a basic truth that is universal in training children to be godly, it is the necessity of building a foundation of the Word of God in their lives. This is true for any born-again Christian and that includes the children of God’s people. I fear that Christian parents come to rely on Christian media, Sunday School teachers, church youth programs, and Christian schools to see their youth turn out right. All of these are potentially good and can be a great help; however, the foundation for godly living is often missing in the lives of the children and youth of God’s people. That foundation is a daily absorption of the Word of God.

A young person from a Christian home can go to a Christian school or be home-schooled with a godly curriculum, be faithful to Sunday School and church programs, go to church camp, and be carnal, rebellious, and worldly. Or more frequently, they are just lukewarm and go with the flow, but there are not true spiritual convictions in their hearts. The reason is as simple as it is singular. They are not in the Word of God on a daily basis.

It makes little difference if one is a young person or a seasoned adult. Apart from daily consumption of the Word of God, any believer will be carnal and more worldly than godly. God said to Joshua, millennia ago,

“This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success” (Joshua 1:8).

That premise and promise has never been abrogated. When a young person, or anyone for that matter, saturates his mind with the Word of God so that it soaks down into his heart, it will modify his behavior.

That is why the Psalmist wrote long ago, “Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against thee” (Psalm 119:11). The idea here is not so much rote memorization of Scripture as it is filling one’s mind with God’s Word to such a degree that it soaks down into the heart. When that has happened, we will not sin against God. The will has been changed.

As a pastor, I watch children from Christian homes who are in Christian schools or are home schooled. Their parents make sure they are at every service and youth function of the church. And yet, these same kids are rebellious, carnal, and have a worldly attitude. Why? Because they are not in the Word in a meaningful way. It’s as simple as that.

Here are five practical tips by which Christian parents can direct their children into meaningful Bible reading.

1. Start early. When our children were small, we had them read from the Bible as soon as they could barely read. It was short, but they started late in their kindergarten year.

2. Plan their reading. The Bible is a complex book, even for adults. When our children were small, we had them read in 1 John because of its simple vocabulary and syntax. We had them read at first just a verse or two a day. As they progressed through grade school, the daily reading assignment grew to a chapter a day and by the time they were in junior high school, we had our girls reading four chapters a day. That is the basic amount to read the Bible through in a year. But the greater point is that we planned their reading for them.

3. Provide positive incentives. When our girls were small, we prepared a chart which was on the refrigerator and as they did their requisite daily Bible reading, they received a star on their chart each day. When they had faithfully filled their chart for several weeks or a month, we planned a special reward for them.

4. Enforce the policy. We made sure that our girls did their daily Bible reading as assigned. A refrain oft heard at the breakfast table was “Did you do your Bible reading this morning?” Though they eventually grew out of the charts and stars on the refrigerator, we still checked up on them throughout their adolescent years.

5. Just do it because it is right. As the girls grew out of the stage where they needed little incentives, we shifted to the philosophy of doing your Bible reading just because it was right. As we developed the principle of righteousness in the meantime, it was easy to mesh the practice of daily Bible reading with the principle of righteousness. Indeed, it is right to be in God’s Word each day.

II. THE PRINCIPLE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS

A second profound principle in the Christian life, and certainly so for training Christian youth, is that of righteousness. The Bible fairly overflows with the concept of and references to righteousness. There are approximately 1,300 references to righteousness in the Bible in its various forms and implications. That is approximately one per chapter. Our Lord is referred to as “Jesus Christ the Righteous” in 1 John 2:1. In Psalm 11:7, we read, “For the righteous LORD loveth righteousness; his countenance doth behold the upright.” Notice that the Lord Himself is righteous. He loves righteousness and He watches over the upright.

Very much more could be stated on this point, but if one would be Christ-like, he or she must develop the principle and practice of righteousness in daily living. Simply put, that is doing what is right as a matter of principle, as a matter of practice, and as a conviction of life. Developing the principle of righteousness has profound implications. Any deed, statement, or attitude can be reduced to the simple question, “Is it right?” If a given matter is not right, that settles it. I will not do so. If it is right, I will do so. Simple isn’t it?

For example, notice the classic admonition in Ephesians 6:1, “Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right.” The precept is for children to obey their parents. But there is a more basic reason--it is right. The self discipline to do what is right is the essence of Christian character. Youth trained to do right regardless will find obedience to authority to come easily. It parallels walking in the Spirit. And, it is the essence of being Christ-like.

Consider four ways to instill the concept and practice of righteousness into the warp and woof of the character of our children.

1. Teach righteousness as a precept. Over the years as our children were growing up, we often and regularly taught them “We always do what is right.” Did they (or we) always do what was right? No. But they began to be predisposed to that conviction. In our daily devotions at the breakfast table, we would frequently go to one of the many references to righteousness in the Bible and make it the topic of our devotions for that day. Children by their very nature tend to do what they want to do and not what they ought to do. When the refrain of “I don’t want to” or its corollary “but I want to.....” cropped up, it became a time to teach doing as we ought to do (i.e., doing what was right) rather than doing what we wanted. The philosophy of the world, the flesh, and the devil is to do what we want. Being Christ-like is doing what is right or its corollary, doing as I ought. Teach children to do as they ought rather than what they want.

2. Apply the principle of righteousness. There are endless applications to the principle of righteousness. Obedience to parents is paramount--for this is right. Smoking is not right. Rock music is not right. Telling the truth is right. Reading one’s Bible daily is right. A bad attitude is not right. Stealing is not right. Virtually any child can understand the basic principle of right and wrong. Relating basic standards of conduct to the simple matter of doing what is right greatly simplifies a child’s understanding of what is expected. More than that, the entire matter of conduct and attitude is tied directly to the basic biblical precept of doing what is right.

3. Teach righteousness by example. It is axiomatic that as much is caught as is taught. Our talk talks, and our walk talks; but our walk talks louder than our talk talks. Truly, what we do speaks louder than what we say. Inconsistency on the part of a parent will do more to breed rebellion than virtually any other one matter. Conversely, a consistent example will do more to re-enforce what we say than just about anything else. If we teach our kids it is not right to watch coarse TV program but do so ourselves, we unravel much of what we have tried to teach otherwise. If we teach our kids it is right to be faithful to the things of God, but then we skip church when an ideal weekend for camping or golfing presents itself, we neutralize our own counsel. A consistent example of right living is a powerful instrument in training our children to do the same.

4. Teach righteousness early and long. As soon as children are old enough to understand speech, begin to instill the principle of right. Continue it on through their adolescent years. Though neither we as parents or our children will ever be altogether righteous in this present world, nevertheless, teaching it as a principle and a practice is a powerful truth. Decades ago, Dr. Bob Jones, Sr. penned these words,

“Do right till the stars fall, Do right till the last call, Do right though no one stands with you. Do right when you’re all alone. Do right though it’s never known. Do right since you love the Lord, Do right, do right!”

That philosophy is both scriptural and powerful. It is essential to developing godly Christian young people.

III. THE PRINCIPLE OF DISCIPLINE

Hudson Taylor one said, “An undisciplined person will never amount to anything in God’s work.” In fact, an undisciplined person will likely never amount to much in any area of life. There is a great need for self-discipline. Self-discipline is compelling myself to do what I ought to do. It is closely related to the broader principle of righteousness. The former follows from the latter. Righteousness is doing as I ought to do. Self-discipline is compelling myself to do as I ought. In fact, a simple definition of Christian character is the self-discipline to do what is right.

The problem every child has is that he or she is born with a sinful human nature. That sinful nature operates on the basis of the lusts of the flesh. The flesh is a reference to our old sinful nature and its basic modus operandi is “lust.” In its garden variety sense, that simply means desires or wants. Our children are born with a sinful nature that is characterized by self-interest, self-desire, and self-gratification. As a result all children are by nature selfish, lazy, and self-directed. The old nature lives for entertainment of self.

In 1 Corinthians 9:25, the Bible says, “And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things.” Part of the fruit of the Spirit is “temperance” (Galatians 5:23). The English word temperance essentially means to be self-disciplined. In the greater scope of building character, it is impelling ourselves to do as we ought to do rather than what we want to do. If a child will develop strength of Christian character, his or her life will be built around doing as he ought to do rather than doing as he wants to do.

There are a number of spiritual virtues which are closely related to be disciplined in life. Let us consider several of them.

Diligence. The word diligence is found in both the Old and New Testaments. The thought is to be careful to do what ought to be done. In fact, the literal sense is “to hasten the matter.” It is the antithesis of procrastination. It is closely related to being punctual. All of this goes back to the more basic concept of compelling ourselves to do as we ought to do which is self-discipline.

Faithfulness. Whether it is being faithful to church services, faithful to daily Bible reading and prayer, or faithful in Christian service, self-discipline is just beneath the surface. I may not “feel” like getting up early to read the Bible in the morning, but self-discipline will impel me to do so. I may not “want” to go to a meeting of the church, but self-discipline compels me to do as I ought. I may be tempted to slack off in a given area of Christian service, but the self-discipline to do what is right will prod me to be faithful in that service. Shallow Christians do what they want to do. Mature Christians do what they ought to do.

Education. Discipline is also a major factor in the process of education. Little Johnny may not feel like doing his school work. But if he has been taught to be self-disciplined in life, he will do it anyway. It is more fun to stare out the window and watch what is going on out there than paying attention. It is more fun to tease and make faces than concentrate on the lesson at hand. A child who has been taught to be self-disciplined will not find it difficult to focus on what he ought to be doing rather than on what he wants or feels like doing.

Organization. Self-discipline is the key to organization. Essentially, being organized is thinking ahead. The reason people are unorganized is that they live in the present and do not think about what is coming next until it happens. It is easier to enjoy the moment than to exercise our minds in trying to think. This consigns many to a state of perpetual disorganization.

All of these come back to the basic principle of self-discipline. But self-discipline is rooted in the even more basic principle of righteousness which is doing as we ought. Our new nature has been created in righteousness and true holiness. Hence, a life disciplined to do what is right is synchronous with the new nature. Parents, you will do yourself and your children a great favor by instilling in them self-discipline of life. It is a great positive.

IV. THE PRINCIPLE OF OBEDIENCE

One of the most basic commands in the Bible for children is found in Ephesians 6:4. “Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.” Few things are more basic than that. But whether a child obeys his or her parents is largely up to the parents. A disobedient child reflects parents who have not trained their child to obey. One of the axiomatic rules in our home was “We always obey.” If my dog is unruly, disobedient and undisciplined, who is at fault, the dog or me? Training a dog takes a great deal of time and patience. Training a child takes even more. We positively demanded that our children obey us. If they did not obey, there were immediate and consistent consequences. Every time. Every single time.

There are several principles to be remembered when enforcing rules.

First, rules must be immediately enforced.

As a pastor, I have visited in thousands of home. I have witnessed the following scenario played out numerous times. The details may vary, but the basic incident was always similar. Mom would say to Junior, “It’s time to go to bed.” (Or some other parental directive) Junior ignored his mother and continued to watch the TV. She continued her conversation with me. After a few moments, she would say. “Junior I told you to go and get ready for bed.” He replied, “Awe, I don’t want to.” Mom let that go by. A few moments later, Mom became a little hot about the matter. She raised the volume of her voice and said, “I TOLD YOU TO GET READY FOR BED.” Junior, replied, “But Mom, I WANT to watch my program.” Mom tolerated that counter for a few more moments. She then announced, “THIS IS THE LAST TIME I AM GOING TO TELL YOU. GO AND GET READY FOR BED!” Junior, by now himself getting exasperated at being shouted at, shouts back, “I TOLD
YOU, I DON’T WANT TO!” Finally, Mom shouts, “I AM WARNING YOU. MARCH RIGHT NOW, OR I AM GOING TO WHIP YOU!”

The real culprit was not Junior. He knew from considerable experience that Mom could be ignored. Mom was too lazy to get up and deal with the situation. She, in fact, was in her own way contributing to the delinquency of Junior.

Secondly, the basic rules of the home must be consistently enforced.

If it is wrong to do something on Monday, you had better deal with it on Tuesday and Wednesday the same way. Consistency is a valuable jewel in the crown of parental leadership. Incidentally, inconsistency is a major factor in provoking adolescent rebellion later in life.

Finally, family rules need to be fairly and wisely enforced.

Parents need the wisdom of Solomon. We need to be just and fair in dealing with our children. Though this section may seem authoritarian and unbending, there are times when children forget, or in their childish immaturity make mistakes.

There are several broad principles for developing obedience. One is positive re-enforcement. Perhaps the greatest positive re-enforcement is the matter of love. We need to let our children know that we love them. Then, a form of positive re-enforcement is to always teach the rules or policies ahead of time. Another helpful means of positive re-enforcement is the use of incentives to achieve desired behavior. Finally, it absolutely critical that we provided positive re-enforcement by our example.

The other side of the coin in developing obedience is negative re-enforcement. A simple principle in punishing children is that the punishment must always exceed the pleasure or enjoyment of the wrong doing. Perhaps, the most basic form of punishment, particularly for smaller children, is the matter of spanking. Much could be said, but let us consider several simple basics thereof.

1. Establish ahead of time the basis for spanking your children. At our house, it was made clear ahead of time that if our girls violated rules in three particular areas, there would be an automatic spanking. (Those three areas were direct disobedience, lying, and disrespect to a parent.)

2. Establish standard implements for administering spankings. There have been numerous implements used over the centuries ranging from switches to belts. We often used paint-stirring paddles.

3. Establish a standard place to administer spankings. We never spanked our children publicly for a variety of reasons. However, at home, we chose a neutral room--that was the bathroom. There on the toilet was the waiting paint-stirring stick.

4. Establish standard spanking polices. Depending on the age of the children and the nature of the offense, we had guidelines for how many swats they might receive. [The important thing is to spank effectively so that the pain of the punishment exceeds the gain of disobedience.]

5. Always stay under control. Never spank in anger or in a fit of lost temper. We always endeavored to be cool, calm, and collected.

6. Spank soon after the offense. Though we refrained from spanking in public, we would try to deal with a matter as soon as was practically possible thereafter.

7. Do not reject your children. Love them. In the aftermath of a spanking, we would always hug our children and tell them we loved them. It also was a time for retrospection as to why they had been spanked. But we always sought to conclude such unhappy times with a hug and kiss.

V. THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION

We touch upon what for some is a controversial point, which is separation from the world. I learned long ago that the biblical principle of separation is exceedingly practical. But that truth did not come into clear focus until I was a father and rearing children. The Bible is clear. We read in 2 Corinthians 6:17, “Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you.” God said “And be not conformed to this world” in Romans 12:2. He further commanded, “Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world” (1 John 2:15-16).

Separation from the world and the things which are in the world is not legalism as is often alleged. It is obedience to God and, as mentioned, exceedingly practical. The further we can keep our children from the influences of the world, the better it will be for them.

The truth is, the devil has a target painted on the back of our children and he will do everything in his power to trying and snare them. He has two powerful allies: (1) the old nature and (2) the world. The farther we can keep out children from the deceitful enticements of the world, the less of an opportunity the devil has to reach them. God cried out, “O that there were such an heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children for ever!” (Deuteronomy 5:29).

Obedience to the biblical command of separating from the world is exceedingly practical. It will help keep them from being enticed by the excitements, entertainments, and allures of the world.

Think of a little girl. Her open countenance and innocence are seemingly pure and wholesome. However, allow the bacteria of the world and its philosophy to begin to work in that sweet child, and before long that little girl may become a spiritually sour, rebellious young woman. We have all seen it. In their preschool and elementary years, they were so cute, so innocent, so wholesome. However, when they reached their adolescent years, they became rebellious, sour, and sometimes incorrigible. That innocent, open countenance became hard and defiant. Their clothing and hair styles became the uniform of whatever the latest fad of rebellion was. Plus, they may actually be doing the stuff that they look like. What happened? The devil, along with his allies in the world and the carnal old nature within, snagged another young person. And the children in Christian homes certainly are not immune.

There are numerous enticements of the world. But let us touch briefly upon several means by which the devil snares the kids in Christian homes.

1. Perhaps more than anything else, the devil uses the power of music to get his hooks into young people. We do not have the space to elaborate at length about the perils of music. But suffice it to say that the world’s music is a primary device of the devil in getting hold of young people, and that certainly includes children in Christian homes. In the years our children were growing up, they simply were not allowed to listen to rock music or any other form of the world’s music. We did not allow them to have a radio, stereo or other type of playback device in their rooms. Technology has changed over the years, but the principle is the same. We currently have a foster daughter in our home, and she is not allowed to play any music on her iPod which is not approved. More Christian young people have been drawn into the world by way of the world’s music than probably any other one means. It is powerful. One of the best things you as a parent can do is
control the music to which your children listen. You will never regret that decision.

2. Another powerful device of the devil is television and the proliferation of videos (regardless of the media or technical format). Television and the Hollywood are the quintessence of the world’s system. Be extremely careful at what you allow your children to watch. The glamour and entertainment values of the world can quickly draw a child in a Christian home away from the Word of God and the things of God. The devil knows that and he works relentlessly to attract young eyes to the display screen.

3. The Internet is a modern phenomena unknown when my girls were growing up, but it is a reality in virtually every American home today. The Internet can range from extremely useful and helpful as an educational and even spiritual resource to extremely wicked and vile. One can find wonderful spiritual help on the Internet. And, one can find the vilest of pornography and filth there. The up and coming generation is adept at exploiting the latest technologies and websites. We presently have a teen foster child living in our home. We have set down several rules for her use of the Internet. First, she can only go online with the family laptop in the living or dining room where it is open for all to see what she is doing. Second, we require her to give us all her passwords so that if necessary we can monitor what she is up to online. Third, she has been instructed that she cannot visit chat rooms of any variety, nor can she have a MySpace page. From time to
time, we add other popular websites to the off-limits list. I occasionally check the browser history of that computer to monitor what sites are being visited. Our system may not be fool proof, but we are reasonably confident that we have the situation under control. Some parents use filters and they can be very helpful, especially for boys using the Internet. Pornography is just a click away and most kids know how to find it.

You will never regret keeping a very short leash on the usage of the internet by your children. Separation from the world is scriptural and it is exceedingly practical in keeping our kids away from the snare of the devil. It is not legalism! It is obedience to God. You will never regret keeping a substantial distance between your children and the things in the world.

VI. PARENTAL PRACTICES

Over the years, I have come to the firm conviction that the issues of life are fundamentally spiritual. That is, crucial issues of life such as family, marriage, children, and basic happiness are spiritual in nature. It follows, therefore, that core spiritual principles must be established in parents if their children are going to turn out right.

Let us consider several basic spiritual practices on the part of Christian parents which are important to the training of our children. It is axiomatic that we cannot train someone else in something we do not understand ourselves. If we would train our children to be spiritual, godly young adults, these practices must first be developed in the parents.

1. The practice of godliness. As much is caught as is taught. Do our kids see godly parents? The Apostle Paul wrote, “For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come” (1 Timothy 4:8). We live in an age where athletics are exalted from middle school on through professional sports. A significant section of the daily newspaper is reserved for sports news. The same is true for the evening news. Athletics and sports are almost a religion in the modern culture. God says that such exercise is limited in its benefits, but godliness is profitable unto all things. Godliness produces benefits for not only this life, but also rewards which will last for eternity. I would submit that we as parents need to set an example of godliness and then seek to train our children in the same. Over the years, I have heard Christian parents plead, “But Junior is a good
kid.” Ironically, most parents will say the same thing, even those in the world whose kids are in criminal trouble. The question rather is, “Are they godly?” It seems we have raised a generation of young people who are good kids, but not godly. Godliness will not only preclude the problems of sin and the world, it will develop into our children the qualities that God has intended for His people. Yet, the training of godliness begins with Mom and Dad. We must lead from example and practice.

2. The practice of faithfulness. One of the simplest practices of the Christian life is that of faithfulness in day-to-day Christian living that translates into being faithful to the things of God. Or put another way, it means being in church every time the door is open. Jesus said, “Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life” (Revelation 2:10). The Apostle wrote, “Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching” (Hebrews 10:25). The policy in my home, in my parent’s home, and in my grandparent’s home was simple. Any time the church door was open, we were there. Jesus said, “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness” (Matthew 6:33).

Inconsistency on the part of Christian parents, particularly regarding faithfulness to the things of God, is a major factor in Christian young people rebelling or drifting off into the world. I have watched this pattern for forty years. Christian parents who are inconsistent in faithfulness have a far higher dropout rate amongst their kids than those parents who saw to it their family never missed. I have watched Christian men who otherwise are good men and basically living for the Lord suddenly set aside faithfulness when deer hunting or fishing season opened. They usually reaped a bitter harvest later as their kids kicked over the traces when they got out of high school. I have watched men in the ministry who were unfaithful to services when on vacation. Their kids took note thereof. Sadly, more often than not, they reaped a bitter harvest later because of their inconsistency and unfaithfulness. A variant of the foregoing matter is that of allowing
kids to stay home from church to do school work. Over the years I have known more parents than I care to admit who let their kids stay home on Wednesday or Sunday nights to do school work. “They had too much homework to do.” Priorities do not conflict. School work is important, but the things of God are more important. Christian parent, you will never regret being completely consistent in the matter of faithfulness. However, those who compromise on this issue will later wonder what went wrong when their kids head off into the world.

3. The practice of devotions. Deuteronomy 6:7 says, “And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.” The clear instruction here is that we as parents are to teach our children the things of God. One of the most effective ways to do so is to establish a time each day when we sit down and directly teach our children. This is what I refer to as family devotions. Every family’s schedule will be different, but we found doing so at the breakfast table to work well.

Let us consider several pointers for establishing simple, but ongoing family devotions.

Have a purpose. Over the years we focused primarily on two areas in our family devotions. One was to explain the matter of salvation to our children. They needed to understand the need for it, what Christ did for us on the cross, and the way to be saved. When our children were young and before they were saved, we often focused our daily devotions on this crucial topic. The other major matter we focused on was Christian and godly character. Because righteousness of practice is at the heart of Christian character, all throughout their formative years, we repeatedly discussed the principle of righteousness, the practice thereof, and verses which illustrated these.

Have a plan. One route to success for a family devotion time is to have a simple operational plan which does not require a great deal of preparation. One method we have used over the years, particularly in teaching godliness and righteousness, is to take one chapter of Proverbs a day according to the days of the month. For example, if the day of the month is the 29th, I would go to Proverbs 29, and accordingly. There I would seek out a verse or two which stood out and go over them briefly. Once we had gone through Proverbs, we might then go to Psalms and look for an appropriate verse in a three chapter sequence. For example, if the day of the month was the 15th, I might peruse Psalm 45-47 for a verse to dwell upon. (There are 150 Psalms and seeking a good verse over three chapters was simple and always worked.) Of course, we might go elsewhere to deal with specific problems. Having a well-marked Bible wherein verses which have blessed us or otherwise
stood out were underlined made it very easy to conduct family devotions this way. That underlining came during personal Bible reading times. We then had a season of prayer where various members of the family took turns praying.

Keep it simple. One of the great hindrances to family devotions is that most people do not have a long-term method of sustaining a day-after-day and year-after-year devotional plan. The plan mentioned above is simple and eminently Scriptural. It is virtually inexhaustible. Most parents are very busy with the affairs of life and don’t have time to prepare extensive family devotions. Pre-planned devotional guides cost money and usually run out after a month or two. However you do it, have a simple plan of teaching your children the things of God. God has given that charge to the parents in general and to the father in particular.

4. The Practice of Love. Throughout this material there has been an emphasis upon righteousness, separation from the world, faithfulness, and consistency. However, the home ought to be an aquarium of love. We need to tell our children we love them and express it to them in discreet physical affection and by buying gifts for them. Without a question, love will cover a multitude of sins. Love your kids!

VII. TRAIN THEM TO WALK IN THE SPIRIT

Our children were born with a sinful human nature. In the Bible, it is called the “flesh” and it is corrupt. Our old nature is the seat of all sin, corruption, and evil. And our children certainly possess such a sinful nature. When they are born again, God creates within them a new nature, called the new man and also in some cases called the “spirit.” The latter, of course, is born of the Spirit of God. At any given day or hour, we will either live (i.e., walk) in the flesh or in the spirit.

When Christian young people walk in the flesh, they are no different in principle than their unsaved counterparts in the world. And, it is when they walk in the flesh that sin appears whether a temper tantrum when they are young, to overt rebellion when they are older, to gross sin in their adolescent years.

The solution to sin and rebellion in the lives of our children is to train them to walk in the spirit. The Apostle Paul wrote, “This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh” (Galatians 5:16). As we train our children to live their lives in the new nature rather than the old nature, a powerful defense against the wiles of the devil, the lust of the flesh, and the temptations of the world will form.

Here are seven tips toward walking in the new nature (walking in the spirit).

1. Insure that your children have a new nature. A child cannot walk in the new man if he does not possess it. This means assuring they have been truly born again.

2. Strengthening the new nature within comes in large measure from the Word of God. If our children are in the Word every single day, they will very likely walk in the Spirit and not in the lusts of the flesh. As noted in an earlier section, one of the most important practices we will ever teach our children is that of being in the Word, daily, yea, day and night.

3. Carefully lay the foundation of righteousness in the lives of your children. The new nature has been created in righteousness and holiness (Ephesians 4:24). As we inculcate the principle and habit of doing what is right as a practice of life, it is synchronous with and parallel to walking in the spirit. The one will strengthen the other.

4. Insist on a disciplined life. The essence of Christian character is the self-discipline to do what is right. The new nature operates on the principle of doing as I ought to do whereas the old nature operates on the basis of doing as I want to do. A life attuned to doing as I ought to do will find it easy to walk in the Spirit. One accustomed to living life based on doing what I want, will struggle with the new nature. A self-discipline to do as I ought (i.e., do what is right) is a fertile seed bed for walking in the Spirit.

5. Train your children to put off the old nature and put on the new each day. The Apostle Paul wrote in Ephesians 4:22-24, “That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; and be renewed in the spirit of your mind; and that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness.” The analogy is of putting off dirty clothing and putting on clean clothing in its place. We must deal with our old nature on a daily basis. Each day, we need to make a conscious decision to put off the old nature and put on the new. We need to train our children to do the same.

6. A corollary truth is of crucifying our old nature. We need to train our children to pause and pray each day and ask the Holy Spirit to help them to crucify their old nature. We need to do so and so do they.

7. Keep the temptations of the world as far from your children as possible. The principle of separation will be of an immense help for your children as they learn to walk in the Spirit and not in the flesh. The world constantly appeals to the old nature. But the new nature operates on a different channel. The farther away we can keep the world from our children, the greater potential they will have to overcome the old nature and walk in the new.

And so, dear Christian parent, seek to develop these seven principles in training your children. You will not regret having done so.

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Distributed by Way of Life Literature's Fundamental Baptist Information Service, an e-mail listing for Fundamental Baptists and other fundamentalist, Bible-believing Christians. OUR GOAL IN THIS PARTICULAR ASPECT OF OUR MINISTRY IS NOT DEVOTIONAL BUT IS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION TO ASSIST PREACHERS IN THE PROTECTION OF THE CHURCHES IN THIS APOSTATE HOUR. This material is sent only to those who personally subscribe to the list. If somehow you have subscribed unintentionally, following are the instructions for removal. The Fundamental Baptist Information Service mailing list is automated. To SUBSCRIBE, go to http://www.wayoflife.org/wayoflife/subscribe.html . TO UNSUBSCRIBE OR CHANGE ADDRESSES, go to the very bottom of any email received from us and click "Manage My Subscription." If you have any trouble with this, please let us know. We take up a quarterly offering to fund this ministry, and those who use the materials are expected to participate (Galatians
6:6) if they can. Some of the articles are from O Timothy magazine, which is in its 27th year of publication. Way of Life publishes many helpful books. The catalog is located at the web site: http://www.wayoflife.org/publications/index.html. Way of Life Literature, P.O. Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061. 866-295-4143, fbns@wayoflife.org. We do not solicit funds from those who do not agree with our preaching and who are not helped by these publications, but only from those who are. OFFERINGS can be made at http://www.wayoflife.org/wayoflife/makeanoffering.html. PAYPAL offerings can be made to https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=dcloud%40wayoflife.org

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trust that your Christian honesty will preserve the integrity of this policy.

HORCF Flag Ceremony Guest

Good Morning Honorable Secretary-General Atty. Marilyn Yap, Distinguished Secretariat House Officials, Heads of Services, fellow employees, Ladies and Gentlemen:

This morning we are very much privilege to have as our guest speaker , an accredited broadcaster of Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP) and at the same time the station manager of 702 DZAS AM and program host and producer of 98.7 DZFE FM of Far East Broadcasting Company.

He is a Pastor and a Board Member of the Caloocan Christian Church and a motivational and leadership speaker in various radio and TV programs and in several institutions and organizations.

He is currently taking MBA Program in Asian Theological Seminary., a graduate of AB Theology in Febias College of Bible and was a student of Mapua Institue of Technology as BS Electronics and Communications Engineering in 1986 to 1989.

He received several awards such as Most Outstanding Broadcast Professional for Radio in 2000 by the Department of Science and Technology; Preaching Proficiency and Outstanding Alumni in Febias College of Bible. He was chosen as finalists in KBP Golden Dove Award in 2000 for Best Musical Variety Show Host for
Radio and for Best Public Affairs Program Host for Radio in 2002.


He was a Member of Rotary International Group Study Exchange Program in Brazil; a graduate of Broadcast Management for Private Radio Stations in Deutsche Welle, Koln, Germany and of Media Strategies for Social Change in MashaV, Haifa, Israel.

He is currently taking MBA Program in Asian Theological Seminary., a graduate of AB Theology in Febias College of Bible and was a student of Mapua Institue of Technology as BS Electronics and Communications Enginnering in 1986 to 1989.

Ladies and Gentlemen, let us now listen to Mr. Eric Maliwat as he deliver his inspiring message to us this wonderful morning.

Corruption Review of Literature

Bureaucratic Corruption in Asia
Causes, Consequences and Controls
Ma. Concepcion P. Alfiler, Ledevina V. Carino, Rance P. L. Lee and A.T. Rafique Rahman
JMC Press, Inc.; College of Public Administration, U.P.
Manila, 1986

Foreword:
*As one goes up the hierarchy of officialdom, his latitude of discretion becomes wider, conversely, the lower one is in the hierarchy, the more limited is his area of choice of action.

*The potential for abuse lies in the discretionary power of public servants.

*The pervasiveness of the problem of the misuse of power and authority has been felt in both developed and developing countries alike. In other words, the problem of graft and corruption is a universal one.

*The collapse of some governments, it has been observed, has in fact been precipitated by their inattention to the problems related to the misuse of power and authority. When left unchecked, corruption can undermine duly-constituted governments.

*While the problem of graft and corruption has been felt, perceived and recognized in almost all countries, what constitutes corrupt acts of public officials has not been clearly delineated.

*From one point of view, using the standards of behavior for the public office as a basis for passing judgement on the action or decision, such acts constitute misue of public authority.

This book “look into the causes, structural patterns and consequences of graft and corruption” and the “historical dimension and the control measures which have been adopted in the different countries to minimize the problem.”

*The challenge of how to promote the responsible use of power and authority, particularly in developing countries in Asia, remains. Indeed, the problem of the misuse of power is a major component of the broader issue of reconciling political/administrative power and political/administrative responsibility. What are the effective means to achieve this goal? The establishment of ombudman-type institutions to hear and investigate complaints, including charges of corruption, against public officials, and changes in the structure, process and procedures in government management may be resorted to in the effort to counter the problem of graft and corruption. On the other hand, it may be only with the introduction, acceptance, observance and enforcement of ethical standards in the public service that the misuse of power could be prevented or minimized. (Foreword)
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*The procurement practices of one of the bureaus of the Philippine Department of Public Works and Communications was such that, in the purchase of three items alone, the agency would have lost 16,727.25 pesos if no re-canvassing was made. In another case where the agency almost bought from a ghost supplier, items were found to have been overpriced by 35,432.40 pesos. For another transaction involving two items, the agency would have lost 182,935.60 pesos if the agency did not re-canvass prices for these itmes from other suppliers.

In Nepal, it was also estimated that there was more than 10% leakage in the procurement of construction materials, machines, equipment required for big projects on road contruction.(p.55)

*Computation on costs for getting a permit showed that a bribe of 400 pesos which cut-processing time from 1 ½ months to a week could save the client as much as 2,640 pesos as it allowed the taxi to earn for the other five weeks.

*Bautista qualified that the amount given might vary with the bureaucrat's mood and the willingess of the client to accede to the former's subtle demands. As a rule, however, more highly placed bureaucrats or those who could exercise more discretion could demand more bribe money than those who performed routinary acts. For this reason, a meter tester ordinarily got more than a clerk who simply tped or released the license.

Not all the cases were able to determine the amount of money changing hands in administrative corruption. Those which provided data appear to point to the fact that the value of the bribe increases when the client engages in illegal activites, when the transaction is a recurring one and also when the goods or services obtained from the government was highly valuable, i.e., a constructon contract. The amount correspondingly increases if the client has the resources to pay the bribe and views the giving of the bribe money as more of an investment to prevent further harassment or more losses in the operation of his business. (p.57)

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Curbing Corruption
Toward a Model for Building National Integrity
Economic Development and Institue of the World Bank
Edited by Rick Stapenhurst and Sahr J. Kpundeh
The World Bank Washington DC, Copyright 1999

*Furthermore, management capabilities did not grow along with the rapidly enlarging scope of government responsibility and operations. Making and implementing decisions became a process of improvisation under conflicting regulations and procedures, resulting in erratic government performance.

*Systematic policymaking and implementation were impossible in the context of limited fiscal maneuverability, which included chaotic public management; lack of timely, reliable, and relevant information; and counterproductive government controls, which were improvised, distorted, and not updated in more than 30 years.

*Reporting obligations were unclear, contradictory, or simply nonexistent. There was seldom any compliance. No real government accounting standards existed.

*Without timely, reliable, and relevant management informations systems, policy formulation and implementation were inconsistent and unpredictable.

*”Precontrol” was the paradigm of governmental control – to comanage with veto power and without responsibility. The precontroller could paralyze the flow of government activity. In veiw of the enormous diversity of specialties required in modern government, rarely was the exercise of precontrol an effective preventive measure against error or corruption.” (p.70)

*Public sector purchasing and contracting have always been a significant source of corruption. Although contracting agencies have been employed for almost 10 years to monitor projects, cost overruns are still sizable. There are worrisome indicators that mechanical procedures do not guarantee quality, especially in consultant bidding. Neither contracting agencies nor import/export-verifying companies make updated information available about standard costs.(p. 72)

*All these reforms contribute to controlling corruption by activating the capacity of communities for social censure, promoting the economic potential of new generations as an alternative to corruption, and eliminating the opportunities for corruption inherent in an overextended and entrepreneurial governmenr. Notwithstanding these benefits, transparency and accessibility to information continue to be the most fundamental requirements that are lacking for effective and honest government dedicated to public service.(p. 73)

*Reforms may be conceptualized under the four headings of prevention, enforcement, public awareness, and instution building. In each case, the goal is to make corruption a high-risk, low-profit undertaking.

*Simplifying government programs and procedures will help reduce the opportunities for corruption. The more efficient the design of a program, the less prone to corruption it will be. One reform is to eliminate those “gatekeepers” who are in a position to exact tolls from users. Another is to reduce the number of steps required to gain government approvals and payment for goods supplied.

*Areas of discretion should be minimized or, where possible, eliminated. Where retained, clear written guidelines for exercising such discretion should be published. Staff manuals and similar materials should likewise be published and made accessible to department users and others. Opportunities for corruption will also be reduced by demystifying the role of government, because corruption thrives when the public is unaware of its rights. (p. 99)

*It is important to create an open, genuinely competitive, and transparent system of public procurement. To reinforce anticorruption efforts, professional associations of accountants, auditors, and lawyers should denounce participation in corrupt activities (including money-laundering) and make such behavior cause for being professionally barred. The reporting of all gifts and hospitality received by government officials should be required, as well as the reporting and recordidng of all political donations.

It is desirable, too, to review and enforce appropriate conflict-of-interest regulations. This might involve introducingg ethics programs and periodically holding group discussion of real-life ethical dilemmas drawn from civil servants' own experiences. In some cases it might be desirable to remove certain activities from the mainstraem of the public service. (p. 100)

*The removal of “monopolies” within the bureaucracy is also important in order to provide rival sources of services...

*Finally, coalitions of interests in support of corruption prevention should be built. Such coalitions should draw in both the private sector and civil society and in certain cases undertake public awareness campaigns to decrease tolerance of corruption. (p.101)

*Anticorruption strategies ca be divided into four broad categories.:

*. . . Strategies in the third category address government programs that may give rise to corruption because they are poorly designed or unnecessary. Regulatory statutes might be reviewed to determine if they are necessary and whether they can be streamlined.

*Public procurement specifications might be redesigned to emphasize standardized, off-the shelf products to reduce manipulation of tailor-made specifications. (p. 109)

*The consequences of degradation of the ethical environment in public organizations and departments will be weak guidance on standards of conduct, poor compliance with procedures, management indifference or ignorance, inadequate financial and management information systems, lax working practices, poor staff relations, too much suborganizational autonomy, poor recruitment and training policies, and crucially, little or no attempt by senior officials to control, monitor, or police the contact with private sector values, practices, personnel, and procedures. (p.110)

*The circular instructed public officials to review and improve the measures taken to prevent corruption by minimizing the opportunies for unethical practices.

*They were also requested to take appropriate anticorruption measures in those departments where wrongdoing was most likely to occur. Such measures included improving work methods and procedures to reduce delays; increasing the effectiveness of supervision by enabling superior officers to check and control the work of their staff; rotating officers to ensure that no individual or group remained too long in a single operational unit; carrying out surprise checks on the work of officers; making the necessary security arrangements to prevent unauthorized access to deparment premises; and reviewing anticorruption measures every three to five years, with the aim of introducing further improvements. (p.111)

*To be effective, a program to reform the procedural basis of government to increase transparency and discourage corruption should include:

An open, genuinely competitive, and transparent system of public procurement.
A radical simplification of regulations, not only to diminish the need to resort to bribery, but to ease the transaction of business of all sorts and facilitate access to public services generally
An adequate salary structure that will eliminate the need for civil servants to supplement their incomes through bribery,...
Strict limitation and regular supervision of the discretionalry authority of officials
Frequent transfers of officials, to prevent long-term relationships with suppliers and customers from developing
Effective and well-understood laws and procedures preventing improper association between officials and suppliers, covering such matters as the receipt of gifts and hospitality(p. 112)
Published and publicly available guidelines for decionsmaking
Speedy and effective reviews of decisions allegedly made without following published guidelines
Efficient investigatory agencies
Appropriate channels for subordinate officials to use when reporting corruption by their superiors.(p. 113)

*If the state has not established clear, well-enforced guidelines for economic activity and the exercise of administrative discretion, private individulas may play it safe by paying officials to give them the needed permits or protection. It is only one step further for these same officals to prevent the entry of competitors for government business, or to divert public funds for private purposes.

*Efforts to reduce corruption by decentralizing decisionmaking can, however, backfire badly. Unless a strong team is appointed to oversee and audit public procurement, corruption can – and most probably will – flourish.(p. 113)

*Public procurement in particular is notorious for the levels of corruption attained by dishonest politicians and officials. Throughout the world, procurement procedures that foster bribery and corruption have been allowed to develop. Nonetheless, there are approaches that may reduce corruption in this traditionally very difficult area. One is the “no-bribery pledge” now being introduced in Educador for major public procurement exercises. Tendering chief executive officers are required to personally warrant that no bribery has taken place and to personally certify returns of all commissions and other payments made to or for the benefit of third parties in connection with particular transactions. Another approach is the introduction of specific mechanisms for monitoring the awarding and exectution of public contracts, such as the ones now instituted in Jamaica and, and more recently, Belize.(p. 114)

*There is also the matter of gifts received by those in public office. Gifts can take many forms - … Some are acceptable; others are not. Excessive hospitality, such as an all-expense paid vacation for a purchasing officer and spouse, is clearly unacceptalbe. More difficult to classify are such things as lunches or festive presents, although accepting even seemingly trivial gifts and hospitality can, over time, lead officials to become unwittingly ensnared by “donors.” The dividing line usually rest at the point where the gift places the recipient under some obligation to the gift-giver. The acceptable limit will differ from one society to another, but it can be set in monetary terms so that gifts exceeding it must be declared. (pp.134-135)

*A “casual gift” means any conventional hospitality on a modest scale or an unsolicited gift of modest value offered to a person in recognition or appreciation of his services, or as a gesture of goodwill towards him, and includes any inexpensive seasonal gift offered to staff or associates by public and private bodies or private individulas on festive or other special occasions, which is not in any way connected with the performance of a person's official duty so as to constitute an offense...

*But simplification will not always reduce corruption if the rules are very rigid. Bureaucratic rigidity frequently breeds illicit behavior on the part of both public servants and suppliers. Thus simplicity will work only if it is not excessively arbitrary and if senior officials or independent enforcement officials aggressively pursue anticorruption measures. (p. 135)

*Improved Procurement Procedures

Kpundeh and Heilman (1996) have outlined a number of criteria for improving public service procurement procedures. First, procurement should be economical. It should result in the best quality of goods and services for the price paid, or the lowest price for the stipulated or acceptable quality. This does not necessarily mean procurement of the least costly or highest quality goods available, but the best combination of these factors to meet the particular needs.

Second, contract award decisions should be fair and impartial. Public funds should not be used to provide favors; standards and specifications must be nondiscrimnatory; suppliers and contractors should be selected on the basis of their qualifications and the merit of their offers; and all bidders should receive equal treatment in terms of deadlines and confidentiality.

Third, the process should be transparent. Procurement requirements, rules, and decisionmaking criteria should be readily accssible to all potential suppliers and contractors, preferably announced as part of the invitation to bid. The opening of bids should be public, and all decisions should be fully recorded.

Fourth, the procurement process should be efficient, with the rules reflecting the value and complexity of the items to be procured. Procedures for purchases of small value should be simple and fast; for more valuable and complicated items, more time and more complex rules are required to ensure that principles are observed. Decisionmaking for larger contracts may require committees or a review process, but bureaucratic intervention should be kept to a minimum.

Fifth, accountability is essential. Procedures should be systematic and dependable, and records should be maintained that can explain and justify all decisions and actions. Competence and integrity in procurement encourages suppliers and contractors to make their best offers, in turn leading to improved procurement performance. Purchasers that fail to meed high standards of accountability and fairness, should be identified quicklty as poor partners with which to do business.

Finally, a sound and consistent framework is required to establish the basic principles and practices to be observed in public procurement. This can take many forms, but there is increasing awareness of the advantages of a uniform procurement code setting out the fundamentals for all government agencies, supplemented by more detailed rules and regulations for the implementing agencies. A number of countries are reviewing existing laws that may have developed in haphazard fashion over many years and consolidating them into such a code. (pp.136 – 137)

*Many people we met - even from the public sector – did not hesitate to classify corruption as rampant.... Corruption is a major issue in Uganda, at all levels of society.... Unethical practices, [we] found, were rampant throughout all levels of the civil service, from the bottom to the top.... Corruption [is] primarily a means of survival on the part of junior civil servants and others; at the top, it involves spoilage and misapplication (even misappropriation) of funds on a large scale by senior civil servants and politicians.

*There was a feeling that the government may be taking steps to fight corruption but not effectively enough.... People argued that far too little was happening, too few were being successfully prosecuted and too many notoriously corrupt individuals were retaining high level position in the Government. (p. 199)

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Improving Government Performance:
Discipline, Efficiency and Equity in Managing Public Resources
Public Expenditure, Procurement and Financial Management Review
A Joint Document of the Government of the Philippines
The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, April 30, 2003

*Fiscal sustainability and the government's ability to finance poverty-reducing programs continues to be at risk from falling revenues, rising public debt and debt service and off-budget risks. This constrained environment makes it doubly important to focus on increasing fiscal flexibility through increasing revenue collections and enhancing the discipline, efficiency and equity of public expenditures.

*Fiscal flexibility is being steadily eroded as revenues shrink and mandated expenditures remain high. Discretionary expenditures, severely constrained by low revenue collections, rising debt service and high expenditures on personal services, no longer provide adequate flexibility to respond to evolving needs. (Executive Summary vii)

*Allocative Efficiency

22. Composition of expenditures. The economic composition of spending has deteriorated in
recent years as both maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) and capital outlays have decreased as a share of GNP.(Exec. Summary x)

24. Allocative efficiency is also diminished by various distortions: although the Government has made some progress recently with limiting the scope of distortiion, more could be done to hold “development fund” expenditures to higher standards. A major concern is the allocation of scarce resources to special budget funds that are not necessarily aligned with NG policy priorities and non-transparent in their use. (Exec. Summary xi)

29. Better medium-term expenditure planning and budgeting would make overall budget management and expenditure allocation more responsive to national priorities. Currently, resource, planning and implementation constraints are threatening maintenance and public investment in core poverty-reducing public programs. (Exec. Summary xii)

39. For the past three years the government has been implementing reforms in public expenditure management, led by the DBM. Such reforms require considerable time, commitment and coordination to yield the benefits of greater fiscal discipline, improved strategic allocation of resources and gains in operational efficiency. The policy framework for reforms and the basic building blocks of improved public expenditure management have been put in place. (Exec. Summary xiii)

41. The challenges in moving forward are to maintain the momentum of reforms, to coordinate and manage the process, to prioritize key actions and to continue to refine and strengthen the institutional framework. This requires sustained management and mainstreaming in line departments, couple with the establishment of effective processes to link national, regional and LGU-level planning, prioritizing and implementation of poverty alleviation programs and pro-poor services. (Exec. Summary xiv)

42. ...The government has made important strides with the development of the New Government Accounting System (NGAS). Now implementation needs to be managed carefully. Additionally, internal control weaknesses create cash management risks that need to be addressed by improving accounting and reporting requirements. (Exec. Summary xiv)
*Operational Efficiency

44. Procurement reforms to increase competition and transparency could enhance the cost efficiency of resource use and also improve governance. The potential for, and possible gains from, procurement reform are high. This is appropriately an area that has recived much attention from reformers. In fiscal 2000-2002, outlays for procurement of goods, works and services by national agencies, LGUs and GOCCs averaged more than PhP115 billion annually.

45. The Ombudsman, the Commission on Audit and the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism have estimated that large amounts of public funds are being lost to both political and bureaucratic procurement-related corruptiomn. Although no reliable estimates are available of losses due to public sector procurement-related corruption, the perception of large leakages continues to persist. An October 2001 study by Procurement Watch, Inc. indicated that the potential leakage through procurement corruption could have run to about PhP95 billion in 2001. The DBM estimates that this could have been used to fund the DepEd twice over, or build more than 500,000 houses, or construct more than 1000 kilometers of farm-to-market roads. The experience of textbook and drugs procurement under World Bank – financed projects indicates that adoption of improved procurement processes and practices could reduce prices by about 40 percent.

46. A key achivement has been the enactment in late 2002, and signing into law in January 2003, of a new Procurement Reform Law. This follows several steps in recent years to streamline public procurement rules and regulations. Thus, enactment and implementation of the Procurement Reform Law applicable to the national government, LGUs and GOCCs was appropriately the top administration priority in procurement reform. Promulgation of the implementing rules and regulations will strengthen the legal and institutional framework for procurement, enhance transparency and accountability, generate further budgetary savings, and also contribute to improving governance. The law contains provisions to simplify pre-qualification procedures, encourage electronic procumerement, reduce officials' discretion on bids and awards, establish a Government Procurement Policy Board for oversight and regulation of government procurement, professionalize the public procurement function, protect procurement officials from unjust legal suits arising from the performance of their duties, and impose criminal and civil liabilities for those found guilty of collusion.

47. Electronic procurement systems can enhance transparency, promote competition, and reduce the time for procurement of common-use supplies. Such systems have been developed in various public sector agencies in the Phillipines, … (Exec. Summary xv)

*The Philippines has also been prominent in involving civil society in the public procurement process at the national and local levels as a menas to enhance accountability and transparency.

48. Priority action on the procurement front would comprise: (a) promulgation of the IRRs for the Procurement Reform Law; (b) strengthening electronic procurement processes side by side with wider publicity for government procurement through media such as newspapers, radio and television; © continued support for civil society monitoring of procurement processes at the national and local levels; (d) establishment of a Procurement Policy Board as the sole regulatory and oversight entity for public procurement; and (e) long-term support for building procurement capacity, including at the LGU level. (Exec. Summary xvi)

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